What does the basic metabolic panel (BMP) primarily evaluate?

The basic metabolic panel (BMP) is designed to evaluate essential metabolic functions in the body, primarily focusing on the levels of various electrolytes and indicators of kidney function. It typically includes tests for sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, chloride, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and glucose. These measurements provide important insights into a patient’s hydration status, electrolyte balance, and the functioning of the kidneys.

The BMP does not focus on cholesterol levels, making it clear why the first choice is not relevant. It also does not encompass a complete blood count (CBC), which evaluates different parameters such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Furthermore, insulin levels are not included in the BMP, as testing for insulin is specific and separate from the metabolic parameters evaluated in this panel. Thus, the correct answer reflects the BMP's role in assessing vital electrolyte balance and kidney function, which are essential for maintaining overall health.