What is bilirubin?

Bilirubin is a waste product that is formed from the breakdown of hemoglobin, which is the protein in red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body. When red blood cells age or become damaged, they are broken down by the body, and hemoglobin is released. This hemoglobin is then converted into bilirubin through a series of chemical reactions.

The liver plays a crucial role in processing bilirubin, where it is conjugated (made water-soluble) and then excreted into bile. Elevated levels of bilirubin in the blood can lead to jaundice, which is characterized by yellowing of the skin and eyes, indicating potential issues with the liver or increased breakdown of red blood cells.

Understanding bilirubin is critical in clinical settings, especially for diagnosing liver conditions, hemolytic anemia, and biliary obstruction. This knowledge helps guide appropriate testing and treatment for patients.